![]() Scanning and transmission electron microscopies at CNM verified the finding. But, cathodes made from both coated polycrystals and single crystals still formed cracks with cycling.Įxtensive X-ray analyses of the cathodes performed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), DOE Office of Science user facilities at Argonne using five APS beamlines (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C and 34-ID-E) revealed that what scientists had believed were single crystals, as evidenced by electron and X-ray microscopy, actually had boundaries inside. Electron microscopy of these particles indicated they have no boundaries. This coating surrounds the large spherical particles and smaller ones inside them.Ī different approach to avoid this cracking involves single-crystal particles. To prevent this, Argonne researchers had previously developed a protective polymer coating around each particle. The large spherical particles are polycrystalline, with differently oriented crystalline regions, resulting in grain boundaries between particles, which cause cracking upon battery cycling. One past approach involved microscale spherical particles consisting of numerous much smaller particles. For several decades, battery researchers have been seeking ways to eliminate these cracks. With charge-discharge cycling, performance rapidly declines due to cracks forming in the cathode particles. Present-day NMC cathodes have posed a major barrier to operation at high voltage. The team’s new structure for the cathode’s micro-sized particles could lead to longer-lasting and safer batteries able to operate at very high voltage and power vehicles for longer driving ranges. ![]() Batteries with this cathode now power the Chevy Bolt. Many of these discoveries have focused on a battery cathode known as NMC, a nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Ill., made another breakthrough with the NMC cathode, finding a boundary-free electrode structure eliminates reactions that diminish battery life.Īrgonne researchers have a long history of breakthrough discoveries with lithium-ion batteries. New cathode design solves major barrier to better lithium-ion batteries
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